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Resistance (i-tap para kopyahin)
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Tolerance
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Min – Max Range
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Ohmmeter Lead Colors
Red Lead (+)
Positive terminal
Insert sa V/Ω port
Black Lead (−)
Negative terminal
Insert sa COM port
💡 Mnemonic (0–9): "Bibili Ba Roy ng Gabi, Violet Grey White" — Black · Brown · Red · Orange · Yellow · Green · Blue · Violet · Gray · White
Gold = ×0.1 (±5%) · Silver = ×0.01 (±10%)
Keyboard shortcut: pindutin ang 1–5 para palipat ng tab
I-type ang resistance value
💡 Tip: Para sa 4-band, ang karaniwang tolerance ay Gold (±5%). Para sa precision resistors (5-band), madalas Brown (±1%) o Red (±2%).
SMD Resistor Code Decoder
💡 Mga SMD Format:
• 3-digit: 472 → 47 × 10² = 4.7 kΩ
• 4-digit: 4702 → 470 × 10² = 47 kΩ
• R-notation: 4R7 = 4.7 Ω · R47 = 0.47 Ω
• EIA-96: 01A = 100 Ω · 96F = 97.6 MΩ
Color Code Reference
Kulay Digit Multiplier Tolerance TC (ppm/°C)
E24 Series — 100 Ω decade
E12 Series — 1 kΩ decade
E6 Series — 10 kΩ decade
Board Exam Reviewer — Resistors
Mnemonic para sa color sequence (0–9):
"Bibili Ba Roy ng Gabi, Violet Grey White"

Black(0) · Brown(1) · Red(2) · Orange(3) · Yellow(4) · Green(5) · Blue(6) · Violet(7) · Gray(8) · White(9)
Mga Formula na Kailangan sa Board
4-Band Formula
R = (10×D₁ + D₂) × Multiplier
Tol = Gold(±5%) o Silver(±10%)
Halimbawa: Brown–Black–Red–Gold
R = (10×1 + 0) × 100 = 1,000 Ω = 1 kΩ ±5%
5-Band Formula
R = (100×D₁ + 10×D₂ + D₃) × Multiplier
Halimbawa: Brown–Black–Black–Red–Brown
R = (100×1 + 0 + 0) × 100 = 10,000 Ω = 10 kΩ ±1%
Resistors sa Series
R_total = R₁ + R₂ + R₃ + ···
Resistors sa Parallel
Para sa 2: R = (R₁ × R₂) ÷ (R₁ + R₂)
Para sa ≥3: 1/R = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃ + ···
Ohm's Law at Power
V = IR I = V/R R = V/I
P = IV = I²R = V²/R
Power ratings: 1/8W · 1/4W · 1/2W · 1W · 2W · 5W · 10W
Karaniwang Board Exam Questions
Q: Gold at Silver bilang Multiplier (hindi Tolerance)?
Gold bilang multiplier = ×0.1 (para sa values < 10 Ω)
Silver bilang multiplier = ×0.01 (para sa values < 1 Ω)
Halimbawa: Red–Gold = 2 × 0.1 = 0.2 Ω
Q: Ano ang sinasabi ng 6th band?
Band 6 = Temperature Coefficient (TC) sa ppm/°C
Brown = 100 ppm/°C · Red = 50 · Orange = 15 · Yellow = 25
Ibig sabihin: gaano nagbabago ang resistance per degree Celsius
Q: Ano ang E-series at bakit mahalaga?
E6 = 6 values/decade — ±20% tolerance
E12 = 12 values/decade — ±10% tolerance
E24 = 24 values/decade — ±5% tolerance ← pinakakaraniwan
E96 = 96 values/decade — ±1% tolerance ← precision
E192 = 192 values/decade — ±0.5% tolerance
Q: Paano decode ang SMD resistor code?
3-digit XYZ: R = XY × 10Z
4-digit XYZW: R = XYZ × 10W
R-notation: R ay decimal point (4R7 = 4.7 Ω)
EIA-96: 2-digit index + letter multiplier (01A = 100 Ω)
💡 Paalala: Sa PRC ECE Board, kadalasang tinatanong ang 4-band decode, parallel resistance, at power dissipation. Araling mabuti ang mga formula sa itaas!

📚 Real ECE Board Mnemonics

B.B. ROY ng Great Britain ay Very Good Wife
Black(0) Brown(1) Red(2) Orange(3) Yellow(4) Green(5) Blue(6) Violet(7) Gray(8) White(9)
Ang "Great Britain ay Very Good Wife" = Gray(8) · White(9) — pang-extend ng classic na mnemonic!
Gold Silver = Good Score
Gold = ±5% tolerance · Silver = ±10% tolerance
Pag nandoon ang Gold o Silver sa dulo = tolerance band. Pag nasa multiplier position = 0.1 o 0.01.
Taglish Version: "Bad Boys Rape Our Young Girls But Violet Gives Willingly"
"Grabe Siya Noh!" para sa Gray(8) · Silver(9)
Ginagamit ng maraming ECE reviewees — controversial ngunit effective para sa memorization sa exam!
CalTech Tip — Resistor Identification sa Casio
Para sa parallel resistance ng 2 resistors:
R_par = R1 × R2 ÷ (R1 + R2)
Sa Casio: type (R1 × R2) ÷ (R1 + R2) =

Para sa 3+ parallel:
Gamitin ang 1 ÷ (1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3)
O sa EX model: gamitin ang fraction key para i-add ang reciprocals.
Score 0/50
Q1/50
📋 Kinopya!